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In the decades leading up to the Civil War, the United States underwent dramatic changes. The Industrial Revolution changed the way many Americans worked, opening up an economic transformation by connecting markets that were once local and regional on a national scale. Skilled craftsmen competed with newcomers to the city for ever lower wages or did not work at all. Rapid urbanization has changed the appearance of America. While the United States remained largely rural and agricultural until after the Civil War, the process of change toward urbanization was evident. Millions of immigrants who flocked to the United States also threatened to change America`s religious culture and ethnic character. Many Americans felt vulnerable and fearful of these changes and turned their frustration to anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant nativist organizations. Nativists reacted dramatically to this dramatic change. They wanted to preserve a bygone era and protect an idyllic and rural country that they considered better than the reality of the world in which they lived. As wages fell and living conditions became unbearable, many former artisans and resettled farmers blamed the presence of immigrants for their economic instability.

Immigrants represented the “other” foreigners and dangerous responsible for these troubling changes. You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows: If you put seven or more cards in the “I didn`t know” box, click “Try again” to try those cards again. In the pre-war years, the United States welcomed millions of immigrants, mainly from Ireland and the German states. In the same years, the industrial revolution and rapid urbanization began. As a result, the United States has experienced a dramatic and dynamic change in its economy, but also in its cultural composition. These rapid changes have caused fear and distress in many Americans and prompted some to support nativist organizations and philosophies. Most of these newly arrived immigrants found work in textile factories or other manufacturing occupations located in or near these growing cities. Living conditions in cities for urban workers were often deplorable. The dwelling houses were overcrowded and dilapidated. The people who lived in these buildings often struggled with unsanitary conditions and contagious diseases. For local workers, it was far from the fresh air and open spaces of Rural American farmland.

The Know-Nothings proposed ending aid to the poor for non-citizens, creating literacy tests before people can vote, banning foreigners from holding public office, and extending the residency requirement to 21 years before an immigrant can become a citizen. The American Party gained great public support in some states and even took control of the Massachusetts legislature in 1854. In the election of 1856, the Know-Nothings nominated former President Millard Fillmore and won more than 20% of the national vote. However, this political party was short-lived due to differing views on slavery – the most divisive issue of the time, but the ignorant certainly contributed to the controversial politics of the turbulent 1850s. The wages of American workers have fallen, while urban living conditions have deteriorated. Immigrants and their foreign religious beliefs, food and languages easily became the visible representation of a changing urban society on which the “nativists” could focus all their anger. But as the need for skilled labor declined, so did the average wage of workers. In addition, political machines dominated municipal governments and many immigrants dominated political machines. Tammany Hall in New York was the political machine of the Democratic Party, using its power to help immigrants find work while offering food, coal, and community services. In 1850, those who believed that immigrants were responsible for most of society`s ills founded the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner to protect “America for Americans.” This organization quickly evolved into the American Party – known as “Know-Nothings” because it was unwilling to publicly disclose information about itself. Most of these newly arrived immigrants found work in textile factories or other manufacturing occupations located in or near these growing cities.

In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which prevented Chinese from entering the United States. Soon after, Theodore Roosevelt`s Gentlemen`s Agreement blocked Japanese immigration to the country. And in 1924, Congress passed an immigration bill that introduced a strict quota system to limit the number of immigrants allowed to enter America, especially immigrants from Southern and Eastern European countries. These quotas were not substantially changed until 1965 – showing how powerful these nativist sentiments could be in US domestic and foreign policy. If you accidentally placed the card in the wrong field, simply click on the card to remove it from the box. The Know-Nothing Party gained great public support in some states and even took control of the Massachusetts legislature in 1854. In 1850, those who believed that immigrants were responsible for most of society`s ills founded the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner to protect “America for Americans.” Nativism did not disappear with the civil war. As immigration shifted from Irish and German immigrants to people from China, Italy, and Russia in the late nineteenth century, nativists also shifted their anger. Persistent economic fears coupled with persistent xenophobia and racism have prompted Congress and several presidents to support anti-immigration policy. Many Americans have felt vulnerable and fearful because of economic, social, and cultural changes, and have turned their frustration to anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant nativist organizations.

Although the name suggests that nativism would support “native” Americans, it does not mean Native Americans. These “native” Americans accused Tammany of stealing from the city`s coffers and personally profiting from his political stranglehold on New York City — actions perhaps best exemplified by boss Tweed`s notoriously corrupt rule. Use these flashcards to memorize information. Look at the big map and try to remember what`s on the other side. Then click on the card to return it. If you know the answer, click the green Knowledge box. Otherwise, click the red Don`t know box. Ultimately, nativism was a response to change — an attempt to preserve an American culture that threatened to change economic turmoil, the growth of cities, and the arrival of immigrants. In the early nineteenth century, the United States began to transform itself from a predominantly agricultural and rural country into a more industrial and urban one; This transformation is called the Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution began in the United States with the invention of cotton ginning, interchangeable parts, and a factory system largely dedicated to textile manufacturing. The Industrial Revolution triggered a huge growth in the unskilled workforce, as goods could be mass-produced with machines, eliminating the need for apprenticeship to learn a trade. But as the need for skilled labor declined, so did the average wage of workers. Once workers accepted hourly wages instead of owning the products of their labor, industrialists were able to concentrate huge amounts of wealth. Workers have tried to form unions or unions to bargain collectively for improvements in working conditions, working hours and wages. However, industrialists had so much economic and political power that these unions were generally unsuccessful and income inequality continued to rise. Irish workers were dedicated and loyal to Tammany Hall In the end, nativism was a response to the cultural and economic change catalyzed by mass immigration. Between the 1820s and 1860s, more than 300,000 people came to the United States each year in response to these rapid changes in American working and living conditions. Social tensions arising from industrialization and urbanization have reinforced nativist and anti-Catholic attitudes.

Irish immigrants were often stigmatized as poor, drunk, and devoted to a foreign church instead of American ideals. Germans were caricatured as clans, drunk and unwilling to learn English.